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.The patriciate of Lübeck had invested in and arranged for thedeparture of Christian II.To secure Lübeck s support the new rulershad made many concessions.Gustaf Vasa s grant of privileges in1523 promised his patrons that only Hanse traders would be per-mitted to trade in Sweden; and Swedish merchants would forgetentirely the Sound and the Belts. Duke Friedrich had promisedLübeck in February 1523, all of her old privileges and passage to theNordic kingdoms at the old tolls, in exchange for helping him masterDenmark.Once in office the two rulers discovered that it was impossible tobalance the needs of their kingdoms against the demands of the townfathers of Lübeck.Without viable trading networks of their own,the two monarchs reached out to reestablish relations with merchantsfrom the towns in the Netherlands.They solicited trade, not onlyfor economic reasons, but to forestall support for Christian II.Apreliminary agreement reached in Copenhagen in the summer of1524, followed by further discussion, established that trade with theNetherlands would continue without a rise in tolls.99Christian II kept up the pressure on his old kingdoms.In the springof 1524 Duke Friedrich felt compelled to send representatives to ameeting in Hamburg under imperial auspices.Charles V was busywith religious conflict in the Reich and war with François I andthe Turk.He was willing nonetheless to engage in diplomacy onbehalf of his brother-in-law.Duke Friedrich and his advisors wereconvinced that there could be no solution to the crisis in Denmarkthat would require the reinstatement of Christian II, but it wouldhave been foolhardy to refuse to parley.Envoys from the Kaiser,Vrouw Marguerite, Henry VIII, the pope, Archduke Ferdinand, andthe electors of Saxony and Brandenburg met with representatives of99Huitfeldt Fr I, 77. 172 Successors, 1523 1533Christian II and Friedrich.One party proposed that Christian s son,Hans, be elected king of Denmark.100 Christian refused.He deman-ded reinstatement.That meeting ended without results, but talkscontinued in Copenhagen and Lübeck.For a time it seemed a jointproposal by Lübeck and Holstein might be acceptable.Christian s son,Hans, would become king in Denmark and Norway after Friedrich sdeath, while Friedrich s sons would inherit the duchies, and Chris-tian s queen would receive a pension of 20,000 gylden a year.TheDanish council rejected the proposal.Among Habsburg kin someoneraised the possibility of making the three Nordic kingdoms a fief tobe conferred by the Kaiser on Christian.Christian II continued toinsist that he was the legitimate ruler of Denmark.Friedrich wantedto hold Denmark for his sons.The talks ended in June 1525, withoutan agreement.Friedrich s reluctance to assume the burdens of office, whatever itsreality, was an instrument of policy, a lever to force recalcitrant partiesto do his bidding.Chancellor Utenhof warned Hanse envoys in thesummer of 1524 that Friedrich was in no hurry to be crowned.He wasan old man, and would prefer to remain at Gottorp and pass the crownto one of his sons.The council of the realm, however, was demandinga coronation, and Friedrich would oblige.His reluctance was in parttactical; the duke needed Hanse help in restoring the integrity ofhis kingdom.In exchange for that help he would guarantee Hanseprivileges.This was bargaining of the kind Lübeck understood, andit worked.Lübeck saw to it that Blekinge and Gotland went toDenmark in the negotiations at Malmø three weeks later.In the matter of a coronation there can be no mistaking the Danishcouncil s urgency.The council lords wanted to deprive Christian IIof any hope of reinstatement.101 The coronation took place August7, 1524, at Vor Frue in Copenhagen in the presence of bishopsand prelates, the worldly lords, and envoys from the Kaiser, KingHenry VIII, Archduke Ferdinand, and the Hanse towns.Denmark sarchbishop elect, Aage Sparre, had not received papal confirmation.That bird of ill omen, Archbishop Trolle, who had been in Hamburgduring the rebellion against Christian II, came to Copenhagen toofficiate [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]