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.38–9experience of fragmentationreincarnation42217–18, 222relationshipsfalse prediction errors149formative195liminality46286Indexschizophrenia (Continued )Aristotle on118multidimensionality128Plato on118non-medical residentialspace and time121, 122treatment210–12Spinoza, Baruch124outcomes44, 72, 111spirit, relation to breath52Tai Chi/Qi gong therapeuticspiritual crisis155approach219–23Spiritual Crisis Network4, 249schizotypy77, 78, 106spiritual emergence/emergency102–3,concept of127–8172, 175–6dimensional model127–8and meditation213high198and psychic opening178–9, 182positive symptoms128–9relationship between concepts176see also psychoticismsee also visionary spiritual experiencesscience(VSEs)and consciousness10–11spiritual experienceand philosophy122–3and psychoticism81and religion49, 52, 58characteristics148scientific materialism120, 122ICS model108–9self, the‘knowing by being’124and breath58–61see also mystical experience; visionaryas collection of voices55spiritual experiences (VSEs)concept of121spiritual narcissism180construct of106, 110spiritual practices109, 172‘ego-logical’91and spiritual emergencies213escaping limiting boundaries of206–7changes in brain activity20grounded theory181–2cognitive neuroscience of23–7negative perceptions of67increase in participation in215non-dual view of164see also meditationperceived risk to218–19spiritualityrelation to soul55and cognitive neuroscience20sense of29–30, 163–5, 220–1and mental health37–8self-esteem84, 130, 137, 147, 168, 200, 246relation to religion and the sacred21–2self-harm241Stevenson, I.42Semitic languages52–7, 117‘stimulus barrier’81shamanism39, 44–5, 206, 207, 228Stoller, Paul46‘sixth sense’59–60stories110, 123–4‘skinlesness’87stress149, 150, 153, 185–6, 189social context139, 150–1, 171Stroop effect24social support162, 167, 168–9, 172subjective experience9–11, 17Socrates50, 205Sufism27, 31–2, 58–61Soteria211–12Swimme, Brian51soteriology21Swinton, John2soul20–1Szasz, Thomas76–7and body119–20and cognitive neuroscience31–4Tai Chi206, 217, 219–23and ‘gathering self’61see also Qi gongand self55Taoism220–4Index287Tart, Charles42Van Gennep, Arnold45ta’wil54, 58Victor, Bruce214see also mystical hermeneuticsVipassana practice23Teasdale J.D.107, 108visionary spiritual experiencestelepathy109, 131, 245(VSEs)205–6, 214–15Thalbourne, M.A.82–3, 84cultural context206–7therapy programmes197distinguishing from psychosis209–10threshold (limen)106interventions212–14time121, 122treatment of210–14timelessness109unusual experiences in208–9TLE see epilepsy, temporal lobesee also mystical experiences; spiritualtool users180–1emergence/emergencytrance45visions208transcendence220–1see also hallucinationstransformative crises155–74voicestransliminal bridge189and depression244transliminal experience106,and trauma145, 147108–9, 250–1constructive/distressing144–5, 147, 244transliminality82–3, 103–4, 196coping techniques199–200trauma187, 189, 190in general population208and psychosis145–7in Kundalini awakening experience93and voices145, 147origin of109in childhood83–4, 141, 147, 186therapy programmes197Turner, Edie46VSE see visionary spiritual experiencesTurner, Robert212vulnerability146Turner, Victor41Warner, Richard111unification32Watson, Peter70universewave and particle54–5, 61conceptions of124‘What is Real and What is Not?’ grouplanguage used to describe51programme195–204quantum mechanics view of11Weill, Simone104unusual subjective experience (USE)world-view166, 21090–1, 94USE see unusual subjective experienceZeki, S.28, 28n [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]